犀鳥目 Bucerotiformes

犀鳥目 Bucerotiformes，來自希臘文的 Βουκερώς Boukerṓs (犀鳥) 和拉丁文的 -fōrmis (形狀)，意思是「犀鳥形狀」，說明這些動物都有犀鳥形狀的及跟犀鳥有關係。Bucerotiformes, from Greek Βουκερώς (Boukerṓs, “hornbill”) and Latin -fōrmis (“-shaped”), means “hornbill-shaped”, in reference to the fact that these animals are all hornbill-shaped and hornbill-related.

種的俗名 Common names of members

犀鳥、紅臉地犀鳥、戴勝鳥、林戴勝鳥。

Hornbills, ground hornbills, hoopoes and wood hoopoes.

分佈 Distribution

非洲、歐亞大陸及美拉尼西亞。

Africa, Eurasia and Melanesia.

體型 Size

長度從23厘米到1.3米長。

They range from 23 cm in length up to 1.3 m.

形態 Morphology

某些物種的特徵是長而細的黑色喙，逐漸變細為黃褐色，翅膀寬而圓形的，頭冠很高。其他的有一張大喙，以及沿著上顎眼神的稱為頭盔，是中空結構。身體可能會是鸚鵡形、啄木鳥形或麝稚形。

Certain species feature a long, thin, black beak that taper to a fawn base, broad, rounded wings, and a tall headcrest. Other species have a large bill along with a hollow structure called a casque running along the top jaw. Their bodies may be parrot-shaped, woodpecker-shaped or guan-shaped.

生態及棲息地 Ecology & Habitat

主要是樹棲的，經常使用大樹作為築巢地，但也有一些陸生物種。存在於多種環境中，例如草原、雨林和沙漠。

They are mainly arboreal, often using large trees as nesting sites, but there are some terrestrial species. They are found in a range of environments, such as grasslands, rainforests, and deserts.

食性 Diet

有些物種主要以昆蟲為食，但有時也會吃小型爬行動物、青蛙，以及種子和漿果等植物。其他的更喜歡吃水果，但也吃昆蟲和小型脊椎動物。牠們對於某些植物物種的種子傳播很重要。

Some species have diets mostly composed of insects, although small reptiles, frogs and plant matter such as seeds and berries are sometimes taken as well. Others prefer fruits overall, but also eat insects and small vertebrates. They can be important for the dispersal of seeds of some plant species.

繁殖 Reproduction

大多數是一夫一妻制，其他進行合作繁殖。牠們築巢在樹上的天然洞穴，有時在懸崖築巢。

Most species are monogamous, others engage in cooperative breeding. They nest in natural cavities in trees and sometimes cliffs