鴴形目 Charadriiformes

鴴形目 Charadriiformes，來自拉丁文的 charadrius (鴴) 和拉丁文的 -fōmis (形狀)，意思是「鴴形狀」，說明是這些動物都是鴴形狀的及跟鴴有關係。

Charadriiformes, Latin charadrius (“plover”) and Latin -fōrmis (“-shaped”), means “plover-like”, in reference to the fact that these animals are all plover-shaped and plover-related.

種的俗名 Common names of members

鷸、鴴、海鷗、鷸鴴、海鴉、海雀、海鸚鵡、斑海雀。

Sandpipers, plovers, gulls, waders, murres, guillemots, auklets, puffins, and murrelets.

分佈 Distribution

世界各地。

Worldwide.

體型 Size

長度範圍13厘米到76厘米；體重範圍15.5克到1.75公斤。

They range from 15.5 g and 13 cm in length to 1.75 kg and 76 cm.

形態 Morphology

牠們體積較大、翅膀、脖子較長，而且形狀通常是均勻的。牠們的腳幼長、有蹼。體型較大的物種擁有更粗壯的喙，而體型較小的物種擁有較大且略帶鉤狀。其他的有小翅膀、直立的姿勢，及黑白相間的顏色。

They have large bodies, long wings, and somewhat lengthy necks, and their shapes are generally homogeneous. They have fully webbed feet and somewhat long legs. The larger species have stouter bills than the lesser species, which are typically hefty and slightly hooked. Others have small wings, an upright stance, and black-and-white colors.

生態及棲息地 Ecology & Habitat

某些物種住在茂密的森林、草澤、林澤、河流和湖泊。而其他則生活在遠洋，通常棲息在沙漠。

Certain species are found in deep forests, marshes, swamps, rivers, and lakes, while others are pelagic and often inhabit deserts.

食性 Diet

牠們的食物包括魚類，以及死的和活的海洋和淡水無脊椎動物、陸生節肢動物和無脊椎動物，例如蚯蚓和昆蟲，囓齒類、卵、腐肉、內臟、兩棲類、爬蟲類和人類排泄物，甚至其他鳥類。

Their diet consists of fish and both dead and alive marine and freshwater invertebrates; terrestrial arthropods and invertebrates including earthworms and insects; rodents, eggs, carrion, offal, amphibians, reptiles, and human waste; and even other birds.

繁殖 Reproduction

大部分都是一夫一妻制和群體繁殖。

Most are monogamous and colonial breeders.