Nematocera（名字的意思是「線角」）是細長蒼蠅的一個亞目，有細長、分段的觸角，幼蟲大多是水生的。

The name Brachycera came from Ancient Greek βραχύς (brakhús, “short”) + κέρας (kéras, “antenna”), referring to their short, bi- or tri-segmented antennae (which are sometimes pseudosegmented).

種的俗名 Common names of members

蚊子、鶴蠅、蚋、黑蠅

Circular-seamed flies, muscoid flies, short-horned flies, mouches muscoïdes

分佈 Distribution  

分佈從最寒冷的地區，靠近兩極，到熱帶和赤道，包括沙漠地帶

Every continent except Antarctica

形態描述 Morphology

觸角分段減少

幼蟲下頜（下顎）由兩個不同的部分組成

上顎（在靠近嘴巴附近的位置有細長的附肢）兩節或更少。

Reduced antenna segmentation

Two distinct parts make up of the larval mandible (lower jaw)

The maxillary palp (an elongated appendage near the mouth) has two segments or fewer

生態與棲息地 Habitat & Ecology

潮濕的棲息地

Usually near an aquatic or semiaquatic environment, though many also live in drier habitats

食性 Diet

幼蟲，包括腐爛物、真菌、腐肉、昆蟲和動物，以及某些植物。

Larvae, including decaying materials, fungus, carrion, live insects and animals, and some plants

小知識 Fun Fact

蒼蠅是僅次於膜翅目昆蟲（蜜蜂、黃蜂及近親）的第二大授粉昆蟲。在潮濕和寒冷的環境中，蒼蠅是更重要的授粉者。與蜜蜂相比，它們需要的食物較少，因為它們不需要供養幼鳥。許多花蜜較少的花朵和已演化出陷阱授粉的花朵都要靠蒼蠅進行授粉。

Flies are the second largest group of pollinators after the Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, and relatives). In wet and colder environments flies are more important as pollinators. Compared to bees, they need less food as they do not need to provide for their young. Many flowers that bear low nectar and those that have evolved trap pollination depend on flies.

已知的物種 Total species known

8,120

博物館收藏的物種 Species in the collection

在香港已知的物種 Species in Hong Kong

616

Reference

• Glime, J. M. 2017. Aquatic Insects: Holometabola – Diptera, Suborder Brachycera. Chapt. 11-14. In: Glime, J. M. Volume 2. Bryological Interaction. Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists.

• Brian V. Brown, Flies, Gnats, and Mosquitoes, Editor(s): Simon A Levin, Encyclopedia of Biodiversity (Second Edition), Academic Press, 2001, Pages 488-496, ISBN 9780123847201, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-384719-5.00167-2.

• Colwell, Douglas D.; Hall, Martin J. R.; Scholl, Philip J. (2006). The Oestrid Flies: Biology, Host-parasite Relationships, Impact and Management. ISBN 9780851996844.

•  Andreani, A.; Belcari, A.; Sacchetti, P.; Romani, R. (2022). "Antennal Morphology and Fine Structure of Flagellar Sensilla in Hippoboscid Flies with Special Reference to Lipoptena fortisetosa (Diptera: Hippoboscidae)". Insects. 13 (3): 236. doi:10.3390/insects13030236. PMC 8954472. PMID 35323534.

• Volume 6(1) - Studia dipterologica - An annotated bibliography in English of the work of I. A. Rubtsov (1902-1993) on the dipterous family Simuliidae (blackflies)

• Diptera Linnaeus, 1758. (2024). Gbif.org. https://www.gbif.org/es/species/112842712

• ITIS - Report: Brachycera. (2024). Itis.gov. https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=130052#null

• Siu, C., & Lau, K. (n.d.). CHECKLIST OF INSECTS OF HONG KONG. https://www.afcd.gov.hk/english/quarantine/qua_plants/files/Checklist.pdf

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