Nematocera（名字的意思是「針角」）是雙翅目的一個亞目。有細長、分段的觸角，幼蟲大多是水生的。

The Nematocera (the name meaning "thread-horns") are a suborder of Diptera with thin, segmented antennae and mostly aquatic larvae.

種的俗名 Common names of members

蚊子、鶴蠅、蚋、黑蠅

Mosquitoes, crane flies, gnats, black flies

分佈 Distribution  

分佈從最寒冷的地區，靠近兩極，到熱帶和赤道，包括沙漠地帶

Distributed from the coldest areas, close to the Poles, to the tropical belts and equator, including the desert zones

形態描述 Morphology

薄而分段的觸角

多為水生幼蟲

大多數長角亞目成蟲的身體和腿都是細長的，許多品種的腹部相對較長。

Thin, segmented antennae

Mostly aquatic larvae

The bodies and legs of most adult Nematocera are elongated, and many species of this suborder have relatively long abdomens.

生態與棲息地 Habitat & Ecology

潮濕的棲息地

Humid habitats

食性 Diet

成蟲以花蜜為主食。幼蟲會以腐爛物為主食，有時也會以動物糞便和腐木為主食。許多以不同類型和階段的真菌為主食。

Adults will feed on nectar. Larvae will feed on decaying materials, but sometimes also animal feces and rotting wood. Many feeds on different types and stages of fungi.

小知識 Fun Fact

許多物種的雄性會組成交配群爭奪雌性，而雌性會到眾多雄性中尋找配偶。

Males of many species form mating swarms competing for females, while those female visit the cloud of males to find a mate.

已知的物種 Total species known

3,736

博物館收藏的物種 Species in the collection

143

在香港已知的物種 Species in Hong Kong

230

Reference

• Leopoldo M. Rueda, Mustapha Debboun, Chapter 1 - Taxonomy, Identification, and Biology of Mosquitoes, Editor(s): Mustapha Debboun, Martin Reyna Nava, Leopoldo M. Rueda, Mosquitoes, Communities, and Public Health in Texas, Academic Press, 2020, Pages 3-7, ISBN 9780128145456, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814545-6.00001-8.

• Wiegmann BM, Trautwein MD, Winkler IS, Barr NB, Kim JW, Lambkin C; et al. (2011). "Episodic radiations in the fly tree of life". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 108 (14): 5690–5. Bibcode:2011PNAS..108.5690W. doi:10.1073/pnas.1012675108. PMC 3078341. PMID 21402926.

• ROBERT D. HALL, REID R. GERHARDT, 8 - FLIES (Diptera), Editor(s): GARY MULLEN, LANCE DURDEN, Medical and Veterinary Entomology, Academic Press, 2002, Pages 127-145, ISBN 9780125104517, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012510451-7/50010-4.

• Wooldridge, I. (1981). LEK AND SWARM BEHAVIOUR IN THE CALYPTERATE DIPTERA. https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3173941/1/587839.pdf ‌

• ITIS - Report: Nematocera. (2024). Itis.gov. https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=118832#null

• Siu, C., & Lau, K. (n.d.). CHECKLIST OF INSECTS OF HONG KONG. https://www.afcd.gov.hk/english/quarantine/qua_plants/files/Checklist.pdf

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