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廣翅目 Neuroptera

廣翅目 Neuroptera

Neuroptera 這個目名來自希臘文 (neuro = nerve; pteron = wing)，指的是翅脈呈網狀的特性。

The order name Neuroptera is derived from Greek (neuro means nerve; pteron means wing) and refers to the reticulate nature of the wing venation.


種的俗名 Common names of members

草蜻蛉、螳螂和螞蟻

Lacewings, mantidflies, and antlions


分佈 Distribution

除南極洲外，各大洲都有，其中熱帶和溫帶地區的多樣性最高 

Every continent except Antarctica with the greatest diversity occurring in tropical and temperate regions


形態描述 Morphology

有大複眼

具有強壯的下頜的咀嚼口器

觸角通常比頭部和胸部加起來還要長

兩對大小相同的翅膀

翅膀邊緣附近有主要翅脈

With large compound eye

Chewing mouthparts with strong mandibles

Antennae that are usually longer than the head and thorax combined

Two pairs of equally sized wings

Have major wing veins near the margins of the wings


生態與棲息地 Habitat & Ecology

通常出現在植被上

Typically are found on vegetation


食性 Diet

 成蟲是泛食性雜食動物，伺機取食軟體昆蟲、花粉和蜜露。而幼蟲 (幾個科的幼蟲) 食性為高度專門化的，例如，草蜻蛉幼蟲以蚜蟲和其他軟體節肢動物 (如早期的毛蟲和蟎) 為食。

Adults are generalist omnivores, feeding opportunistically on soft-bodied insects, pollen, and honeydew. While larvae (in several families) have highly specialized in its diet, for example, common lacewings larvae feed on aphids and other soft-bodied arthropods like early caterpillars and mites.


小知識 Fun Fact

此目下的科有不同的方法對付掠食者，有些家族的背上有固定碎屑的剛毛，利用這個「垃圾袋」作為偽裝和抵禦掠食者的盾牌。串珠草蜻蛉在偵測到潛在掠食者時，會模仿樹枝輕輕擺動，有些草蜻蛉則會散發出令人反感的氣味來嚇跑掠食者。

Families under this order have different ways against predators. Some families have setae holding items of debris on their backs and use this  “trash packet” as camouflage and as a shield against predators. Beaded lacewings mimic a twig by swaying gently when a potential predator is detected. While certain lacewing emits an offensive odor to scare off predators.


已知的物種 Total species known

3,205

博物館收藏的物種 Species in the collection


在香港已知的物種 Species in Hong Kong

29


Reference

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