蜘蛛猴科 Atelidae (Sub-family of Primates)

Atelidae, 源自希臘文 ἀτελής (atelḗs, 不健全, 不完整),來自ἀ- (a-, 沒有) 和 τέλος (télos, 末梢"), 指這些物種的拇指退化或缺失.

Atelidae, from Greek ἀτελής (atelḗs, “incomplete, imperfect”), from ἀ- (a-, “without”) and τέλος (télos, “end”), in reference to the reduced or non-existent thumbs in these species.

種的俗名 Common names of members

吼猴,蜘蛛猴,絨毛猴,絨毛蛛猴.

Howler monkeys, spider monkeys, wooly monkeys, and wooly spider monkeys.

分佈 Distribution

遍佈中美洲和南美洲的森林區,從墨西哥到阿根廷北部.

Throughout the forested regions of Central and South America, from Mexico to northern Argentina.

體型 Size

頭身長度為 34 到 72 公分,體型適中.

With a head-body length of 34 to 72 cm, they are modest to moderate in size.

形態描述 Morphology

牠們長長的抓握尾巴在遠端的底部有一個觸感區,該區域極其敏感且幾乎無毛.在樹上導航以建立牠們的家時,尾巴通常被用作「第五條肢體」.為了攀爬,牠們的手指和腳趾上也有爪子.大多數物種的毛皮主要是深棕色、灰色或黑色,通常帶有較淺的花紋.

Their long, prehensile tails feature a tactile patch on the underside of the distal portion that is extremely sensitive and nearly hairless. When navigating the trees where they establish their homes, the tail is commonly utilized as the "fifth limb." In order to climb, they also have nails on their fingers and toes. The majority of species have fur that is primarily dark brown, gray, or black, frequently with lighter patterns.

生態和棲息地 Habitat & Ecology

牠們主要棲息在茂密的雨林中,某些品種也可以在樹木稀疏的草原或乾燥的森林中找到.

They mostly live in thick rainforests, while some species can also be found in wooded savannah or drier woods.

食性 Diet

牠們的主要食物是水果和樹葉,而較小的品種可能也會吃一些小昆蟲.

Their primary diet consists of fruit and leaves, while some small insects may also be consumed by the smaller species.

繁殖 Reproduction

根據物種的不同,牠們可以生活在最多有25隻成年個體的社會群體中,並且通常是多配偶制.在較小的群體中,一隻雄性控制著一群雌性的配偶群；在較大的群體中,雄性之間有明顯的支配階層.雌性在懷孕180至225天後會產下一隻幼崽（或極少數情況下,出生雙胞胎）.在大多數物種中,出生數量的季節性高峰很少或幾乎不存在,個體通常每一至三年生產一次.

Depending on the species, they can dwell in social groups with up to 25 adults and are usually polygamous. In smaller groups, one male controls a 'harem' of females; in bigger groups, there is a distinct hierarchy of dominance among the males. A single infant (or, very rarely, twins) is born to a female after 180 to 225 days of gestation. In the majority of species, there is little to no seasonal peak in the number of births, and individuals typically give birth every one to three years.