Miniopteridae,来自希腊文 μίνιo (mínio, “小”) 和希腊语 πτερος (pteros, “翅膀,羽毛”),意思是“小翼”或“小翅膀”,是指在这个家庭中描述的第一个族的较小尺寸相对较小的翅膀  (长翼属/Miniopterus genus).

Miniopteridae, from Greek μίνιο (mínio, “small”), and Greek πτερος (pteros, “winged, feathered”), means “lesser winged” or “small-winged”, in reference to the small size relatively small wings of the first genus described within this family  (Miniopterus genus).

種的俗名 Common names of members

折翅蝠,長翼蝠.

Bent-winged or long winged bats.

分佈 Distribution 

在南欧、非洲和马达加斯加、亚洲以及澳大利亚、溫納圖和新喀里多尼亚发现.

Found in southern Europe, across Africa and Madagascar, throughout Asia, and in Australia, Vanuatu and New Caledonia.

體型 Size

牠们通常体型较小（全长约 10 公分,翼展 30-35 公分,质量小于 20 克）.

They are typically small (total length c. 10 cm, wingspans 30–35 cm, mass less than 20 g).

形態描述 Morphology

牠们的吻宽而短.顱骨呈球形,比鼻口部高.翅膀折叠时,牠们的第三根手指特别长.这根手指使蝙蝠拥有狭长的翅膀.

They have broad, short muzzles. The cranium is bulbous and taller than the snout. They have an exceptionally long third finger when the wings are folded. This finger gives the bats long and narrow wings.

生態與棲息地 Ecology & Habitat

疏林、灌木林、草地和其他开阔环境.大型洞穴、废弃矿井和隧道是牠们的栖息地.

Open forests, shrublands, grasslands and other open environments. Large caves, abandoned mines and tunnels serve as roosting places for their colonies.

食性 Diet

牠们可能是食虫的.

They may be insectivorous.

繁殖 Reproduction 

大多数蝙蝠物种都是一雄多雌,即一只雄性蝙蝠与多只雌性蝙蝠交配,但也有多雄多雌,即多只雄性蝙蝠与多只雌性蝙蝠交配.雌性负责大部分的育儿工作.雄性负责喂养和保护幼崽.刚出生的蝙蝠不会飞,所以牠们会呆在窝里或爬到母亲身上.通常 2-4 周后牠们就能飞了.

Most bat species are polygynous, where males mate with multiple females, but there are polygynandry systems too, where multiple males mate with multiple females. Females are responsible for most of the parenting care. Males responsible for feeding and protecting young. Newborn bats cannot fly so they stay in the dwell or climb on their mothers. Usually they can fly after 2-4 weeks.

已知的物種

Total species known

35

博物館收藏的物種

Species in the collection

3

在香港已知的物種

Species in Hong Kong

2

References

Fenton, M. B., Simmons, N. B. (2015). Bats - A World of Science and Mystery. The University of Chicago Press.

Vaughan, T.A., Ryan, J. M., Czaplewski, N. J. (2000). Mammalogy. Saunders College Publishing.

Macdonald, D. W. (2006). The Encyclopedia of mammals. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780199206087.001.0001.

Appleton, B. R., McKenzie, J. A., Christidis, L. (2004). Molecular systematics and biogeography of the bent-wing bat complex Miniopterus schreibersii (Kuhl, 1817) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 31(2), 431-439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2003.08.017.